The Evolution of User Interfaces

The user interface—what connects you, me, and the digital world—has evolved remarkably from 2D GUIs with keyboards and mice to multi-touch, wearables, and now spatial computing (AR/VR/XR), reaching billions of people worldwide. Major shifts in interface paradigms are rare and often occur only once in decades, yet we may be on the cusp of one that could fundamentally transform everything we do with our hands on computers.

In this talk, I will trace this evolution and introduce Eye-Hand Symbiosis—my decade-long vision and research project exploring the fusion of eyes and hands for interaction. It is showing first signs of becoming reality, and I will share where this path might lead in the years ahead.